Clinical Menifestation and Anaylsis of Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is the second most common thyroid malignancy after papillary thyroid carcinoma. We performed this study to obtain further understanding and more supporting ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid follicular carcinoma. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Over a 12-year period, 126 patients surgically treated for FTC with an average follow-up of 57.5 months were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: Eighteen (14.3%) patients had distant metastasis at presentation and completion thyroidectomy was performed for 58 patients (46%) after partial thyroidectomy. This implies how difficult it is to diagnosis this type of cancer at the preoperative or intra-operative stage of treatment. Fine-needle aspiration cytology has been shown to be an ineffective method for the diagnosis of FTC. Five patients developed recurrent distant metastasis 6 month after their initial treatment and 3 patients died of persistent distant metastatic disease. The 10-year overall survival rate were 97.6%, and 10-year disease free survival rate was 82.5%. The patients with minimally invasive follicular carcinoma (n=92) and low risk group according to AMES classification, stage IV in TNM classification had more favorable prognosis. But the results showed no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Several staging systems can be applied specifically to patients with FTC. The distinction of FTC in minimally invasive and widely invasive carcinoma, analysis of prognostic factor (recurrence, local invasion, distant metastasis, age, tumor size) is important in identifying low risk patients for a more conservative treatment.

Nonrecurrent Inferior Laryngeal Nerve Related to Thyroid Surgery : Review of Ten Cases / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (NRILN) is a rare anomaly of the recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (RILN), associated with abnormal development of the aortic arch that can be associated with an increased risk of vocal fold paralysis. This study will describe preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative findings. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We describe 10 cases (0.53%) of the NRILN observed during 1890 surgical procedure between January 2006 and December 2008. RESULTS: The NRILN was observed on the right side in all cases. Although the NRILN was preserved, immediately after the surgery, vocal fold paralysis was present in one patient who completely recovered one month later. CONCLUSION: Injury due to RILN that results in vocal fold paralysis is one of the serious complications in thyroid and parathyroid surgery. If the RILN is not found in the classic position during surgery, this can be a possibility of the presence of the NRILN

A Clinical Analysis of Recurrence in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is a known malignant tumor arising from the follicular epithelium in thyroid gland. Although the prognosis for patients with DTC is generally good, appropriate surgical management can further reduce recurrence and cancer death rates significantly. The therapeutic methods performed are total thyroidectomy plus radioactive iodine (131I) therapy and life-long thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression. Histopathologically, DTC contains papillary and follicular adenocarcinoma. In numerous studies, staging systems-AMES, AGES, MACIS, etc-have been created to evaluate prognostic outcome. By applying staging systems, we have treated 394 patients with DTC since 1998. The purpose of our study was to analyze characteristics of recurrent cases and evaluate remission rates of recurrent cases according to diagnostic methods. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From January 1998 to December 2001, we performed 630 thyroidectomies and 487 malignant tumors (421 papillary, 28 follicular, 20 medullary, 12 undifferentiated carcinoma and 6 other malignant tumors). We analyzed 394 DTC cases; excluding other malignancy, 65 cases were recurrent cancer (58 papillary and 7 follicular carcinoma). The medical records of 394 patients with DTC treated at our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed impact of primary surgery on recurrence in 65 recurrent patients and compared the remission rates of those patients using physical examination with those using laboratory tests and imaging studies. RESULTS: 347 patients with DTC were treated initially in our hospital and 18 patients showed recurrence. Among them, lobectomy was performed as a primary surgery in 69 patients of whom one (1.4%) had recurrence. Forty-seven patients with DTC treated initially in other hospitals were referred to our hospital. Lobectomy was performed as a primary surgery in 23 patients (54.7%). Recurrence of 32 patients was detected by palpation. Of these patients, the remission rate was 25.0%, whereas patients diagnosed by laboratory tests and imaging systems showed 53.3% remission rate (p=0.056). CONCLUSION: The extent of primary thyroid resection appeared to have significant impact on the recurrence of DTC. In view of this, we should apply staging system strictly in treating DTC-total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection in high-risk groups. In following up patients, we should check the thyroglobulin level and use image tests like computed tomography and positron emission tomography to detect recurrence earlier.

SUV Analysis of PET Scan for Prognostic Factor of Head and Neck Cancer / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that uptake of 18Fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose in head and neck cancer, as determined by the standardized uptake value (SUV) on positron emission tomography scan (PET scan), is associated with the biology of tumor. The aims of this study were to confirm the association with the biology of tumor and to establish whether a high SUV had prognostic significance. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirty patients with the head and neck cancer diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma underwent a PET scan before treatment. SUVs were analyzed for possibility correlated with diseasefree survival. RESULTS: In univariate survival analysis, when patients were divided into two groups based on the SUV cut-off value of 8, the group whose SUV was greater than 8 in the pre-treatment PET scan showed significantly worse outcome (p=0.029). Correlation analysis demonstrated that SUV provided prognostic information independent of the tumor size, pathologic differentiation and stage. CONCLUSION: We conclude that high FDG uptake on PET (SUV >8 in pre-treatment PET scan) is an important prognostic indicator for poor outcome. Identified patients are thought to require intensive treatment protocol and more careful follow up.

Epidemiologic Survey of Head and Neck Cancers in Korea

Head and neck cancers have never been systematically studied for clinical purposes yet in Korea. This epidemiological survey on head and neck cancer patients was undertaken from January to December 2001 in 79 otorhinolaryngology resident-training hospitals nationwide. The number of head and neck cancer patients was 1,063 cases in the year. The largest proportion of cases arose in the larynx, as many as 488 cases, which accounted for 45.9%. It was followed by, in order of frequency, oral cavity (16.5%), oropharynx (10.0%), and hypopharynx (9.5%). The male:female ratio was 5:1, and the mean age was 60.3 yr. Surgery was the predominant treatment modality in head and neck cancers: 204 (21.5%) cases were treated with only surgery, 198 (20.8%) cases were treated with surgery and radiotherapy, 207 cases (21.8%) were treated with combined therapy of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Larynx and hypopharynx cancers had a stronger relationship with smoking and alcohol drinking than other primary site cancers. Of them, 21 cases were found to be metastasized at the time of diagnosis into the lung, gastrointestinal tract, bone, or brain. Coexisting second primary malignancies were found in 23 cases. At the time of diagnosis, a total of 354 cases had cervical lymph node metastasis accounting for 42.0%.

Effects of the Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and GSTP1 on the Risk of Laryngeal Cancer in Koreans / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND ackground and Objectives: Smoking has been reported as an important risk factor of laryngeal cancer. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) are genes that encode enzymes which are involved in the metabolism of carcinogens in cigarette smoke. In this study, we statistically tested the significances of smoking and genotypes of CYP1A1 and GSTP1 as risk factors of laryngeal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this case-control study, 84 pathologically proven laryngeal cancer patients and 168 age- and sex-matched controls were included as the study subjects. Information on smoking habit was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, and CYP1A1 and GSTP1 genotypes were analyzed using PCR-RFLP method. Chi-square test, Student's t-test and conditional logistic analysis were used to test statistical significance. RESULTS: Smoking was turned out to be a significant risk factor of laryngeal cancer both in univariate and multivariate analyses. The CYP1A1 Ile/Ile genotype was significant in the univariate test, but the statistical significance disappeared in the multivariate conditional logistic model including smoking. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of GSTP1 A/A genotype for laryngeal cancer was 0.71 (0.38, 1.33), which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Smoking is the most potent risk factor among the three factors, and the genotypes of CYP1A1 and GSTP1 would not be major risk factors for laryngeal cancer in Koreans.

Cancers of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract in Korea

Cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) constitute 3.5-4% of all malignancies. Since the majority of cases are squamous cell carcinomas which are related with epidemiologic factors, a different pattern of UADT cancer might be present between the Western and Asian populations. We performed a pathology based statistical study on UADT cancers in Korean patients. Cases from Korea Cancer Center Hospital, from January 1, 1988 through December 31, 1998, were subjected to the study. Among 2,842 cases, epithelial malignancies accounted for 87.8%, with squamous cell carcinoma as the major type (76.5%). The larynx was the most commonly affected site (26%), followed by the oral cavity (25.1%), oropharynx (13%), nasopharynx (9%), hypopharynx (8.4%), paranasal sinuses (6.4%), nasal cavity (6%) and salivary glands (6.1%). The percentage of squamous cell carcinoma was highest (98.7%) at the hypopharynx, and lowest at the nasal cavity (42.3%), which showed the most diverse tumor entities. Korean patients with UADT cancers presented with a higher incidence of non-epidermoid malignancy including sarcoma (1.5%) and malignant melanoma (1.4%), and a higher frequency of involvement of the sinonasal tract, compared with the Western patients.

A Clinical Study of Parathyroid Gland Tumors / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Parathyroid gland tumor is a relatively rare disease in Korea. The purpose of our study is to assess the clinical features, diagnostic tools and therapeutic results. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Seven patients with parathyroid gland tumor were analyzed retrospectively. They were diagnosed and received surgical therapy in our hospital from 1995 to 1999. The patients were all female with mean age of 45.3 years (in the range of 21-64 years old). We used ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, parathyroid scan and 18F-FDG positron emission tomograph (PET) to identify the location of parathyroid gland neoplasm. RESULTS: All patients received proper surgical management. Three patients were diagnosed as parathyroid carcinoma, three as parathyroid adenoma and one patient as cavernous hemangioma. Two patients were found as recurrent tumor, Parathyroid carcinoma recurred in one patient, and parathyroid hyperplasia occurred in patient who was previously diagnosed as parathyroid adenoma. CONCLUSION: The results would he a useful guideline for better diagnostic strategies, proper surgical management and follow-up study for recurrence in the parathyroid gland tumor.

A Clinical Study of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: 12 Cases / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) accounts for about 5-10% of all thyroid cancers worldwide, but only for 2-4% in Korea. Its prognosis is relatively poorer than well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC). We performed this study to find the adequate treatment methods through the analysis of clinical features and treatment process of 12 MTC cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted retrospective chart review about 12 cases of pathologically proven MTC treated from 1991 to 1996 at the department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital. We analyzed their clinical features, treatment modalities and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: Male/female ratio was 1:1 (6:6) with the mean age of 46.2 (19-73) years. Mean follow-up periods were 26.8 (3-48) months and MTC accounted for 2.7% of all thyroid cancers during the period of 1991 to 1996. We performed surgical procedures in all cases. In 5 cases of disease-free status, complete surgical removal of tumor was performed in the first operation, and no recurrence occurred during the follow-up period. In the other 5 cases, incomplete surgical removal was inevitable due to carotid artery invasion or mediastinal extension, etc. These patients received many additional surgery and radiotherapy, but their condtion did not improve. In one case, we performed complete excision but he expired with double primary cancer: one other case who was confirmed as MEN type 2b had been suspicious of recurrence, but she was lost during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that MTC has relatively poorer prognosis than WDTC, and completeness of surgical excision is important. Persistent tumor is a major cause of mortality, and the tumor is unable to remove through the other methods. So early diagnosis and treatment is the most important prognostic factor. We recommend that aggressive and meticulous surgical removal is important in MTC management.

Accuracy of 18F FDG PET after Surgery and Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers / 대한핵의학회잡지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of [18F]FDG PET in the diagnosis of recurrent head and neck cancer after the completion of surgery and radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In fifty-nine patients with head and neck cancers, whole body [18F]FDG PET studies were performed. According to the different therapeutic modalities, patients were divided into four groups (Group I; pre-treatment, Group II; surgery, Group III; radiotherapy, Group IV; both surgery and radiotherapy). [18F]FDG PET images were compared with clinical, CT and histopathologic findings. RESULTS: For detection of metastatic lymph nodes in 14 patients of pre-treatment group (group I), the sensitivity and specificity of PET were 100% (10/10) and 75% (3/4), and those of CT were 80% (8/10) and 100% (4/4). For detection of recurrence in 45 patients of post-treatment group, overall sensitivity and specificity of PET were 96.2% (25/26) and 78.9% (15/19) [(100% and 75% in group II, 80% and 50% in group III, and 100% and 100% in group IV)] without significant difference from pre-treatment group (p>0.1). In detecting recurrence, the sensitivity and specificity of [18F]FDG PET were 90.9% (10/11) and 20% (1/5) in 16 patients who underwent [18F]FDG PET within 2 months after the completion of treatment. The specificity of these patients was significantly lower than that of 29 patients (100% of sensitivity and specificity) who underwent [18F]FDG PET 2 months after treatment (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: [18F]FDG PET is an accurate diagnostic modality for the detection of recurrence in head and neck cancer. Post-therapy [18F]FDG PET should be obtained at least 2 months after the completion of surgery or radiotherapy.

A Clinical Analysis in Minor Salivary Gland Tumor / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Minor salivary gland tumors vary in their primary sites, histopathology and biological behavior. Therefore, various factors are considered in selecting the treatment modality and predicting the prognosis. Generally, it is reported that the prognosis of malignant tumors of minor salivary glands are worse than that of such lesions of major salivary glands. We performed this study to find out the clinical features and determine the prognostic factors of minor salivary gland tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively, 83 cases of minor salivary gland tumor and the 10 year survival rates using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: We found 16 benign tumors and 67 malignant tumors. Among the patients, 43 were males and 40 were females. The most common age group was the sixties, with the mean age of 50. The most common site of benign tumor was the palate, whereas malignant tumors were most commonly found in the maxillary sinus, palate, and floor of mouth, etc. Histopathologically, 14 patients with benign tumor had pleomorphic adenoma, and 39 patients with malignant tumor had adenoid cystic carcinoma. According to the criteria set by the AJCC on staging, the most common stage found for the subjects were the stage IV. Overall, the 5 year and 10 year survival rates were 56.1% and 46.9%, respectively. Histopathologic type had no effect on 10 year survival rates. The clinical stage had a significant impact on survival. CONCLUSION: In minor salivary gland tumor, the most significant prognostic factor was its clinical stage. Considering the frequent local recurrence and distant metastasis, long term follow ups will be needed.

Tracheal Shaving in the Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma with Airway Invasion / 대한이비인후과학회지

OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the outcome of trachea shaving in 20 patients with locally invasive thyroid papillary carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From Jan. 1992 to Jun. 1994, we treated surgically 205 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, of whom 41 revealed upper airway invasion and 20 were treated with the shaving method. The others were treated with window resection, circumferential resection, and total laryngopharyngectomy with free jejunal graft. Twenty patients who underwent the shaving procedure were followed up for 28 to 59 months (mean of 49.5 months) and were examined for the incidence of recurrence by way of physical examinations, elevated serum thyroglobulin, despite of the TSH suppression therapy, iodine whole body scan, and the endoscopic examination. RESULTS: The rate of recurrence was 5% (one patient), and it was detected by the iodine whole body scan. The site of recurrence was the pyriform sinus and paraglottic space, so we performed partial laryngopharyngectomy. CONCLUSION: In thyroid papillary carcinoma invading the upper airway, the extent of resection should be determined individually according to the extent of tumor invasion. If the adventitia of the trachea is only the invasion site, and a grossly complete resection is performed, the 'shaving' method may be sufficient. However, the window resection or the circumferential resection should be performed in more invasive cases. Our data suggest that the surgical method of resection may be determined individually, and surgeons who have flexible attitudes may have good results.

The Study of Prognostic Factor of the Parotid Tumor / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND: Tumors developing in the parotid gland tend to be of a large variety of histopathologic types. The relative rarity of parotid gland tumors makes epidemiologic study more difficult. To develop a rational therapeutic plan for tumors of the parotid gland, the surgeon must be fully cognizant of the factors that may affect survival. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The authors retrospectively studied 110 patients with histologically confirmed salivary gland tumor in the parotid glands at Korea Cancer Center between 1986 and 1995. We analyzed the histopatologic type and 5-year survival rate according to the some prognostic factors. RESULTS: Among the 110 patients, 39 had malignant parotid tumors. There were no recurtence in those who had parotid tumors. The overall 5-year survival rate was 62.4%. We observed statistically significant differences for patients of different clinical stages and histological grade. CONCLUSION: In summary, the clinical stage and histological grade are the significant prognostic factors, and these factors need to be considered in the treatment of parotid gland tumors.

Primary CHOP Chemotherapy Followed by Involved Field Radiation Therapy in Clinical Stage I or II Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas / 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Although radiation therapy had been the treatment of choice for localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL), recent studies have revealed that treatment result after radiation therapy alone is not successful for localized aggressive NHL, if it is not pathologically but clinically staged. A prospective phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic results of 4 cycles of CHOP chemotherapy followed by involved field radiation therapy in clinically staged localized aggressive NHL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with a diagnosis of aggressive NHL(all intermediate grade and immunoblastic histology in NCI working formulation), Ann Arbor stage I or II without poor prognostic factors(presence of B symptoms, bulky diseases, or 2 or more extranodal involvement) were treated with 4 cycles of CHOP(cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) followed by involved field radiation therapy of 3,000~6,000(median: 4,500) cGy. RESULTS: Between April 1990 and March 1995, 62 consecutive patients entered this trial. Forty six patients with measurable diseases were evaluable for response. Complete response was achieved in 41(89.1%) patients after CHOP chemotherapy and 4 more patients after subsequent radiation therapy, making total CR rate of 98%. Progression free survival(PFS) of all 62 patients were 2.2+~73+ months and 5 year PFS rate was 64.6%. Overall survival(OS) were 2.4+~75+ months and 5 year OS rate was 75.2%. Old age (> 60) was the only significant prognostic factor, which-affected overall survival negatively. Treatment was relatively well tolerated, but 3 patients died associated with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Four cycles of CHOP chemotherapy followed by involved field radiation therapy is highly curative and safe treatment for clinically staged, localized aggressive NHLs.

A Clinical Analysis of Neck Masses / 대한이비인후과학회지

OBJECTIVE: We studied the clinical manifestations and charicteristics of the neck masses for taking the correct diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 1995, 403 patients were admitted and treated with neck masses at department of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital and analyzed retrospectively. The diagnosis was confirmed by radiological(CT, MRI, Ultrasonograph, etc) and histopathological(fine-needle aspiration cytology, incisional or excisional biopsies, and surgical procedures) studies. RESULTS: Ten cases(2.5%) were below 15 year-old age group and there were 4 cases of congenital masses, 3 cases of inflammatory masses, 2 cases of benign neoplasia, and 1 cases of malignant neoplasm. One hundred thirty-one cases(32.5%) were between 16 and 40 year-old age group and there were 7 cases of congenital masses, 33 cases of inflammatory masses, 31 cases of benign neoplasia, and 60 cases of malignant neoplasia. Two hundred sixty-two cases(65.0%) were above 41 year-old age group and there were 6 cases of congenital masses, 16 cases of inflammatory masses, 31 cases of benign neoplasia, and 20 cases of malignant neoplasia. Above 41 year-old age group, the malignant neoplasia were frequent. In all cases, the malignant neoplasia were frequent(67.0%) and among these primary malignant neoplasia were 118 cases and metastatic malignant neoplasia were 152 cases. In 17 cases of congenital masses, thyroglossal duct cyst was 7 cases and branchial cleft cyst was followed. In 52 cases of inflammatory masses, tuberculous lymphadenitis was the most(27cases) and reactive lymphadenitis was followed. In benign neoplasia, adenomatous goiter was the most(47cases) among 64 cases. CONCLUSION: Malignant neoplasia was 67.0%(270/403) of the neck masses and among these metastatic tumors was 56.3%(152/270). In women congenital masses was the most and then inflammatory masses and benign tumors were followed but in men malignant tumors were the most. After 5th decade, malignant neoplasia were frequent(79.8%) and neck masses in old age-patients were suspicious for the malignancies.

A Clinical Analysis in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck is relatively rare and is characterized by slow evolution, multiple recurrences, protracted clinical course, and distant metastases. OBJECTIVES: We performed this study for the purpose of determining the effect of age and sex distribution, site, treatment modality, distant metastasis and stage on survival in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This article presents the age and sex distribution, primary sites, treatment modalities according to different clinical stages, recurrence patterns, and 5 year survival rates in each cases by analyzing 55 patients of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck treated from 1985 to 1995 at Korea Cancer Center Hospital. RESULTS: In 55 cases of adenoid cystic carcinomas, 27 were male and 28 were female. By age, 6th decades were most common. According to the primary site, major salivary gland origin were 20 cases and minor were 35 cases. 12 cases were stage 1, 18 cases were 2, 10 cases were 3, and 15 cases were 4. According to the treatment modality, 12 patients received surgery only, 31 patients received surgery and postoperative radiation therapy, and 9 patients received radiation therapy only. Among the 4 patients with distant metastases at diagnosis, 3 received chemotherapy. Local recurrence was identified in 12 cases, distant metastasis only was in 7 cases, and both were in 6 cases. Lung was the most common metastatic site. Overall 5 year survival rates were 77.1%. Age, sex, primary site, and treatment modality had no effect on 5 year survival rates. The clinical stage and distant metastasis had a significant impact on survival. CONCLUSION: In adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck, the most significant prognostic factors are clinical stage and distant metastasis. But, considering the slow growing features of tumor, long term follow up will be needed for the more accurate evaluation.

A Clinical Study of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Maxillary Sinus / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND: Because the maxillary sinus is anatomically located adjacent to the orbit and skull base, it is difficult to remove the tumor completely with tumor-free margin in advanced maxillary cancer. Local recurrence is by far the most common cause of treatment failure and long-term survival rates are low. OBJECTIVES: By analyzing clinical status, treatment methods and results about squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus, the authors investigated local recurrences and survival rates by treatment and got helps from these evaluation and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine cases with squamous cell carcinomas of the maxillary sinus diagnosed at Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital from January 1989 to December 1995 were studied by chart review, telephone interview and letters retrospectively. RESULTS: The T-stages at presentation were T2 11.6%, T3 24.6%, T4 63.8% respectively, and overall neck node metastases were 8.7%. Thirty nine cases were treated with surgery at first choice of treatment and almost all cases were followed by adjunctive radiotherapy. Thirty cases were treated with radiotherapy at first choice of treatment. Overall recurrence rates were 75.4% and local recurrence rates were 72.4%. The sites of local recurrence treated by surgery were substantially higher in posterior wall of maxillary sinus, orbital floor, skull base and palate. The five-year survival rate by Kaplan-Meier method was 44.0% for surgery with radiotherapy and 16.8% for radiotherapy alone. CONCLUSION: Local recurrence was the major cause of treatment failure and the survival rates were poor. Therefore, early detection, aggressive local treatment and close follow up are desirable.

A clinical study on neck dissection in cases of head and neck cancer / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

A comparative clinicopathologic study between Kimura's disease / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

Pharyngo-gastrostomy for pharyngolaryngeal cancer: a report of 6 cases / 대한흉부외과학회지

No abstract available.